Proceedings American Academy of Forensic

Forensic Sciences (AAFS). It is devoted to the publication of the abstracts of technical oral papers and posters presented at the AAFS annual scientific meeting. These include various branches of the forensic sciences such as pathology, toxicology, anthropology, psychiatry, immunology, odontology, jurisprudence, criminalistics, questioned documents, digital evidence, and engineering. Similar submissions dealing with forensic oriented aspects of the social sciences are also included. Please note that some of the abstracts included in the Proceedings deal with topics, results, and/or conclusions which are controversial. The publication of abstracts does not imply that the AAFS, its sections, or the individual section program chairs/ committee members have verified or agree with the studies, results, and/or conclusions of each abstract. During the process of planning a scientific program, it is impossible to “peer-review ” each abstract and presentation to the degree that is accomplished during manuscript review. Abstracts and presentations are accepted, in part, so that they can be critiqued and reviewed by other scientists. Thus, a forum is created to discuss controversial issues. The views expressed in this publication are not those of the AAFS. The data and opinions appearing in the published material were prepared by and are the responsibility of the contributor(s), not of AAFS nor its respective employees, employers, officers, and agents. The AAFS does not supply copies of meeting papers. Please write directly to individual authors to obtain copies of specific papers. Presentation of some abstracts may have been scheduled or canceled after the publication of this document. English is the official language of the AAFS and its meetings; neither oral nor written translations will be provided