An Analytical Model for IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee Wireless Sensor Networks with Duty Cycle Mechanism for Performance Prediction and Configuration of MAC Parameters to Achieve QoS and Energy Efficiency

The IEEE 802.15.4 standard defines a Physical (PHY) and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer protocol for low data rate wireless net-work with low power requirement which makes it ideal PHY/MAC for WSNs. Currently WSNs with combination of IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee are being used extensively in industrial applications such as factory automation and control, environmental monitoring etc. Such applications need Quality of Service (QoS) in terms of reliability and latency along with energy efficiency for longevity of the network. The slotted IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol uses the duty cycle mechanism to save energy. However the duty cycle mechanism reduces the effective bandwidth leading to possibility of higher packet collision in the active periods and an improper choice of duty cycle may result in low packet delivery ratio and higher packe