Quantized Capacitance and Energy of the Atom and Photon

By modeling both the atom and the photon as capacitors, the cor-rect energy levels are easily produced via extrapolation from Maxwell’s, Gauss’, Coulomb’s and Ohm’s laws – without the need to inject Planck’s constant into the equation ad-hoc. In the case of the photon, Einstein’s photoelectric equation is formulated as a result, with Planck’s constant consequently occurring as an aggregate of fundamental constants. Analy-sis of these equations lends credence to Planck’s fervent and controversial personal dogma that the constant which he himself had discovered is noth-ing but “a mathematical trick[1]”. Further analysis shows that this model reconciles the wave-particle duality; wherein the wave properties of light and matter produce the particle-like aspects as a result of the laws of electrical engineering in conjunction with the uncertainty principle and Schrödinger’s wave equations