The effects of inhaling volatile sub...

Volatile substances are chemical compounds that give off fumes at room temperature. They are also called ‘inhalants’ in recognition of their route of administration [1]. They are central nervous system depressants, and their use involves deliberate inhalation to produce a state of altered consciousness or intoxication. Onset of effect occurs rapidly because the extensive capillary surface of the lungs readily absorbs the vapour, causing blood levels to peak within minutes of use [2]. There are approximately 250 household, medical and industrial products that contain potentially intoxicating volatile substances [1]. Many of these are readily available. Volatile substances are usually classified into four groups [3]: • solvents-liquids or semi-liquids that vaporise at room temperature, such as glues and petrol • gases-medical anaesthetics and fuel gases, such as lighter fuels • aerosols-sprays containing propellants and solvents • nitrites-amyl nitrite or cyclohexyl nitrite found in room deodorisers Nitrates, however, do not directly affect the central nervous system and their use occurs primarily for enhancement of sexual pleasure, rather than intoxication. The volatile substances most commonly used for intoxication are aliphatic, aromatic or halogenated hydrocarbons. These include toluen