Effect of plant growth regulators on micro-propagation of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Abstract- Three different explants; leaf, root and stem were taken from in vitro grown seedlings to observe shoot regeneration, callus induction and rooting Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Shoots were regenerated on MS basal medium containing 0.1mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) with six different concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0mg/l). The regenerated shoots were induced root on MS basal medium with Indole-3- butyric acid (IBA) (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 mg/l). Callus was induced on MS basal medium with 0.1 mg/l BAP + 2, 4 D (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0mg/l). Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 10 replicates was used. Data was analyzed using SAS program (9.1.3). After 30 days the numbers of regenerated shoots, callus diameter, time for callus initiation and shoot regeneration, number of roots and mean root length were evaluated. Observations indicated that there were a significant treatment effects at p<0.05 level. Significantly highest number of shoots (2.5 shoots/explant) was observed from stem explant in MS basal medium with 0.5 mg/l BAP + 0.1mg/l NAA. Shoots were highly responded for root induction at 1.0 mg/l IBA. Significantly highest diameter of callus (1.79 cm) was observed at 2.0mg/l 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4 D) with 0.1 mg/l BAP. Result of this study revealed, among three types of explants, the highest response for shoot regeneration and callus production observed from stem explants in Helianthus annuus L. Index Terms- Helianthus annuus L, regeneration, callus induction, root formation I