Humoral and Cytokines Response in Acute Urinary Schistosomiasis Patients in White Nile State (Sudan)

The production and regulation of IFN-γ, IL-2 (Th1 cytokines), IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 (Th2 cytokines) was evaluated in (93) individuals, (61) with acute schistosomiasis patients and (32) as control group. Humoral response also was evaluated by the different levels of IgM, and IgE in both groups. The objectives of this study was to determine humoral, and cytokines response in acute schistosomiasis in individual living in White Nile State (Sudan) and measurement Th1 cytokines ( IFN-γ, and IL2) and Th2 cytokines (IL4, IL5, and IL10) in both acute schistosomiasis patients and control groups. Urine and blood samples were taken from both groups, ten mL of urine were examined for the presence of S. haematobium eggs and two mL of whole blood were collected for cytokines and IgE, and IgM determination. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 and circulating level of IgE, and IgM in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The study showed that IFN-γ, and IL-2 mean levels to Schistosoma haematobium soluble egg antigen (SEA) was significantly higher (p< 0.05) in the acutely infected patients (210.80 ± 202.89, 20.34 ± 39.63), respectively than the control group which were (35.04±68.28, 3.68±2.78) respectively table (1). The antigen-specific IL-4 responses were also (11.20±12.08) significantly higher (p< 0.05) levels in patients group with acute infection compared to control group which were (4.48±6.53) table (1). The means levels of IgM antibody to schistosome-egg antigen (SEA) were (0.38±0.13) significantly higher (p< 0.05) in acutely infected patients compared to normal group which were (0.002±0.0001) table (1)