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A distributed wireless sensor network is the network composed of sensor nodes, ca-pable of sensing the environment, processing and storing the sensed data and trans-mitting the data through wireless channels. It can be deployed as a system with static sensors or a system with mobile nodes. As the energy capacity of the node hardware is limited, sensor networks suffer greatly from a severe energy constraint. Furthermore, as many of the environments or objects that need to be monitored, such as volcanoes, bushland, battle fields or animals, are normally difficult to reach, it is very costly or even impossible to renew the energy supply of the sensors or re-deploy the nodes. Hence the energy conservation and network lifetime prolongation problem becomes one of the key issues for the deployment of the sensor network. In this thesis the energy conservation and network lifetime prolongation problem of the sensor network is rigorously examined. Through the investigation of existing works, the design of a non-uniform node deployment scheme for tackling the en-ergy hole problem of the static sensor network is identified to be a vital issue for th