A Review of Cross Layer Design for Routing Protocols in MANET

Abstract — Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a dynamic network with time varying topology and time varying network resources. Due to the error-prone wireless channel and high mobility, traditional protocols of wired networks cannot be successfully applied to MANETs. The popularity of mobile and hand held devices equipped with wireless interface are creating a new challenge for Quality of Service. The wired network has also not been able to fulfill end-to-end guarantees. Due to the nature of MANETs, achieving the same end-to-end guarantees is very difficult. When a wireless node plays the role of intermediate node, it serves as a router that can receive and forward data packets to its neighbour closer to the destination node. Due to the nature of an ad-hoc network, wireless nodes tend to keep moving rather than stay still. Therefore the network topology changes from time to time. The mobility rate makes the task difficult. The aim is to fight against the losses caused due to mobility. This work attempts to build stable paths so as to counter the effects of mobility induced route failures