JSLHR Research Article Influence of Embedded Fibers and an Epithelium Layer on the Glottal Closure Pattern in a Physical Vocal Fold Model

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the possible structural and material property features that may facilitate complete glottal closure in an otherwise isotropic physical vocal fold model. Method: Seven vocal fold models with different structural features were used in this study. An isotropic model was used as the baseline model, and other models were modified from the baseline model by either embedding fibers aligned along the anterior–posterior direction in the body or cover layer, adding a stiffer outer layer simulating the epithelium layer, or a combination of the 2 features. Phonation tests were performedwith both aerodynamic and acousticmeasurements and high-speed imaging of vocal fold vibration. Results: Compared with the isotropic one-layer model, the presence of a stiffer epithelium layer led to complete glotta