Analysis of Metal Ion-Dependence in glmS Ribozyme Self- Cleavage and Coenzyme Binding

The bacterial glmS ribozyme is a mechanistically unique functional RNA among both riboswitches and RNA catalysts. Its self-cleavage activity is the basis of riboswitch regulation of glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN6P) production, and catalysis requires GlcN6P as a coenzyme. Previous work has shown that the ligand amine of GlcN6P is essential for glmS ribozyme self-cleavage as is its protonation state. Metal ions are also essential within the glmS ribozyme core for both structure and function of the ribozyme. Although metal ions do not directly promote catalysis, we show that metal ion identity and the varying physicochemical properties of metal ions impact the rate of glmS ribozyme self-cleavage. Specifically, these studies demonstrate that metal ion identity impacts the overall apparent pKa of ribozyme self-cleavage, and metal ion binding largely reflects phosphate oxygen affinity. Results suggest that metal ions serve alternative roles supporting the mechanism of catalysis