Conclusions

Current knowledge strongly supports carbon sequestration as a successful technology to dramatically reduce CO2 emissions. “We know enough to site a project, operate it, monitor it, and close it safely and effectively. We do not yet know enough for a full national or worldwide deployment.” The hazards of CO2 sequestration are well defined and the associated risks appear small and manageable Site characterization, monitoring, and hazard assessment & management are keys to safe and successful deployment This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 Geological carbon sequestration is the deep injection of CO2 to avoid atmospheric release CO2 can be stored in deep geological formations as a pore-filling fluid: •Saline Formations: largest capacity (>2200 Gt) 2 km •Depleted Oil & Gas potential for enhanced oil and natural gas recovery • Deep Coal Seams: potential for enhanced gas recovery as well Scientific American, 2005 What empirical evidence is there that transport & geological storage of CO2 can be done safely? • Nature has stored oil and natural gas in underground formations over geologic timeframes, i.e. millions of years • Gas and pipeline companies are today storing natural gas in underground formations (>10,000 facility-years experience) • Naturally occurring CO2 reservoirs have stored CO2-rich gas underground for millions of year, including large volumes in th