Multiresolution identification of germ layer components in teratomas derived from human and nonhuman primate embryonic stem cells

We propose a system for identification of germ layer components in teratomas derived from human and nonhuman primate embryonic stem cells. Tissue regeneration and repair, drug testing and discov-ery, the cure of genetic and developmental syndromes all may rest on the understanding of the biology and behavior of embryonic stem (ES) cells. Within the field of stem cell biology, an ES cell is not con-sidered an ES cell until it can produce a teratoma tumor (the ”gold” standard test); a seemingly disorganized mass of tissue derived from all three embryonic germ layers; ectoderm, mesoderm, and endo-derm. Identification and quantification of tissue types within ter-atomas derived from ES cells may expand our knowledge of abnor-mal and normal developmental programming and the response of ES cells to genetic manipulation and/or toxic exposures. In addition, because of the tissue complexity, identifying and quantifying the tis-sue is tedious and time consuming, but in turn the teratoma provides an excellent biological platform to test robust image analysis algo-rithms. We use a multiresolution (MR) classification system with texture features, as well as develop novel nuclear texture features to recognize germ layer components. With redundant MR transform, we achieve a classification accuracy of approximately 88%. Index Terms — Stem cell biology, multiresolution, classifica-tion, feature extractio