TRANSPLANTATION

Of 50,000 to 60,000 hematopoietic stem cell trans-plants (HSCTs) performed annually, 35,000 to 40,000 are autologous. 1 Previous publications address-ing pulmonary complications (PCs) in HSCT recip-ients have focused on allogeneics. 2,3 Autopsy studies that included both allogeneic and autologous recipi-ents have shown complication rates of 80 % to 89%. 4,5 Several publications have addressed specifi c nonin-fectious PCs: peri-engraftment respiratory distress syndrome (PERDS), 6 diffuse alveolar hemorrhage Background: Most reports addressing pulmonary complications (PCs) in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients have focused on allogeneics. This study describes the PCs, their risk factors, and the impact on mortality in autologous recipients. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 1,243 adult autologous HSCT recipients. We collected pretransplant and posttransplant data and data on PC after transplant and long-term mortality. Results: Four hundred eighty-seven PC developed in 343 patients (27.6%): 173 infectious (13.9%)