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The present study was conducted to identify the relationship between critical thinking ability and listening comprehension ability of Iranian EFL learners. It also, investigated difference between the learners with high and low critical thinking ability and their listening comprehension ability. The participants of this study were 100 males and females, who majoring in English Translation and English Literature at Azad University of Shiraz and Sistan and Baluchestan University. A critical thinking questionnaire and a TOFEL listening comprehension test were used as instruments of this study. The results of this study revealed that there was a strong positive significant correlation between critical thinking ability and listening comprehension ability. In order to investigate difference between learners with high and low critical thinking ability and their listening comprehension an independent sample t-test was employed, and the results showed a significant difference between the learners with high and low critical thinking ability and their listening comprehension ability