Effect of Electromagnetic Braking (EMBr) on Turbulent Flow in Continuous Casting

Fluid flow in the mold region of the continuous casting process is responsible for surface defects, slag entrainment, and other steel quality problems. Thus, it is very important to choose nozzle geometries and operating conditions that produce flow patterns within an operating window that avoids these problems. Operating conditions which control mold flow problems include the mold cross section, casting speed, submergence depth, mold powder, argon gas injection and electromagneti