Inclusion removal by bubble flotation in continuous casting mold

Fundamentally-based computational models are developed to quantify the removal of inclusions by bubbles during the continuous casting of steel. First, the attachment probability of inclusions on a bubble surface is investigated based on fundamental fluid flow simulations, incorporating the turbulent inclusion trajectory and sliding time of each individual inclusion along the bubble surface as a function of particle and bubble size. Then, the turbulent fluid flow in a typical continuous casting mold, trajectories of bubbles and their path length in the mold are calculated. The change in inclusion distribution due to removal by bubble transport in the mold is calculated based on the computed attachment probability of inclusion on each bubble and the computed path length of the bubbles. In addition to quantifying inclusion removal for many different cases, the results are important to estimate the significance of different inclusion removal mechanisms. This work is part of a comprehensive effort to optimize steelmaking and casting operations to lower defects