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neoplasm Purpose: We determined whether neoplastic disease, which was missed under white light can be found during transurethral resection of bladder cancer by 5-aminole-vulinic acid-induced porphyrin fluorescence. Materials and Methods: 5-Aminolevulinic acid-induced fluores-cence endoscopy was carried out in 328 cases. A 3% 5-aminolevulinic acid solution was instilled intravesically in a mean time of 2.8 h before endoscopy. The fluores-cence was excited by a special incoherent light source which provided blue light in addition to white light. Results: In 82 (25%) cases additional neoplastic lesions were found only because of their red porphyrin fluores-cence which was induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid. 31% of these neoplastic foci which were found in normal and nonspecific inflamed mucosa had a poorly differentiated histology. Conclusions: 5-Aminolevulinic acid facilitates detection of neoplastic disease during transurethral re-section of bladder cancer and increases the accuracy of diagnosis