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io on p map is generated in the parietal cortex. to determine whether the observed neural activities represent saliency as such, as opposed to being caused by the conse-term salience to refer to this bottom-up attraction of exogenous attention. The regions of the brain responsible for top-down selection are well known, and include the frontal eye fields saliency map via intracortical interactions that are manifest in contextual influences (Allman et al., 1985). According to this theory, the saliency of a location is monotonically related to the(FEF), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) (Corbetta and Shulman, 2002; Kastner and Unger-highest neural response among all the V1 cells that cover that location with their spatial receptive fields (relative to the V1INTRODUCTION Because neural resources are severely limited, only a very smal