Optimizing Network Sustainability and Efficiency in Green Cellular Networks

Abstract—In this paper, we study the resource allocation in a device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaying green cellular network, where the base station (BS) is powered by sustainable energy. Our objective is to enhance the network sustainability and efficiency by introducing power control and cooperative com-munication. Specifically, we propose optimal power adaptation schemes to maximize the network efficiency under two practical power constraints. We then take the dynamics of the charging and discharging processes of the energy buffer into consideration to ensure the network sustainability. To this end, the energy buffer is modeled as a G/D/1 queue where the input energy has a general distribution. Power allocation schemes are proposed based on the statistics of the energy buffer to enhance the network efficiency and sustainability. Both theoretical analysis and nu-merical results demonstrate that our proposed power allocation schemes can improve the network throughput drastically while maintaining the network sustainability at a certain level. Index Terms—Green cellular networks, D2D communications, cooperative communications, network sustainability, spectrum efficiency, power allocation. I