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The ability to construct functional polymeric hybrid nanomaterials is critically important for many applications. In this thesis I present the synthesis of amphiphilic polymers of various compositions including insulating coil-coil, semiconducting rod-coil, semiconducting brush-coil, and bioconjugated rod-coil polymers. The self-assembly of these polymers is presented along with methodologies for controlling the organization of nanomaterials and polymers towards the construction of functional hybrid materials with controllable structures and properties. In this thesis, an analysis of the conditions necessary to stabilize the cooperative self-assembly of nanoparticles and amphiphilic block copolymers into a unique cavity-like structure is presented. This work reveals the mechanism behind the formation of the structure and presents experimental and theoretical phase maps that show the conditions required to stabilize this structure for a range of nanoparticle sizes. These self-assembly guidelines provide an essential foundation for the generation of functional composites with predesigned structures and properties. A high-yield click chemistry synthesis of an amphiphilic conjugated block copolymer with systematic block lengths that self-assembles into well-defined nanofibers whose length can be effectively controlled by varyin