15.1 Expertise

Embedding knowledge is a popular and effective means of increasing the power of sophisticated computer applications. While the intellectual roots of this method go back to the late 1960's, the ideas were first codified, systematized and simpli-fied in the 1970's and have led to a large and successful expert systems industry in the 1980's. Despite these successes, most types of expertise are still extremely difficult to capture and many fundamental scientific and engineering challenges remain to this field. This paper will briefly review the origins and motivations for the field, indicate the considerable successes it has achieved, outline the many remaining difficulties and highlight a few in-dividual research results that point the way to its future devel-opment