Fact Sheet 2012

How does sexual violence affect health? Sexual violence refers to sexual activity where consent is not obtained or freely given. Anyone can experience or perpetrate sexual violence. Most victims are female, and the person responsible for the violence is typically male. The perpetrator is usually someone known to the victim and can be, but is not limited to, a friend, coworker, neighbor, or family member. There are many types of sexual violence. It includes physical acts, such as unwanted touching and rape. Sexual violence also includes acts that do not have physical contact between the victim and the perpetrator– for example, sexual harassment, threats, and peeping. Sexual violence can negatively impact health in many ways. Some effects can lead to long-term health problems. These include chronic pain, headaches, stomach problems, and sexually transmitted diseases. Sexual violence can have emotional impacts as well. Victims often are fearful and anxious. They may replay the attack over and over in their minds. They may have problems with trust and be wary of becoming involved with others. The anger and stress that victims feel may lead to eating disorders and depression. Some even think about or attempt suicide. Sexual violence is also liked to negative health behaviors. For example, victims are more likely to smoke, abuse alcohol, use drugs, and engage in risky sexual activity. Why is sexual violence a public health problem? Sexual violence is a significant problem in the United States: • In a nationwide survey, 8 % of high school students reported having been forced to have sex. More female (11.8%) than male (4.5%) students reported experiencing forced sex in their lifetimes.1 • An estimated 20 % to 25 % of college women in the United States have experienced an attempted or complete rape during their college career.