a) Testing the Sensitivity of Parking Behaviour and Modal Choice to the Price of On-Street Parking ESRS Working Paper 03/3 Clinch J.P and Kelly J.A (2003 b) The Influence of Parking Pricing on the Profile of On-Street Parkers ESRS Working Paper 03/2

Parking pricing has been suggested as a 'second-best ' approach to managing road space. However, its effectiveness will depend upon the responsiveness of parking behaviour and modal choice to the price of parking. This paper examines the sensitivity of parking behaviour and modal choice to the price of on-street parking in the city of Dublin, Ireland. This analysis utilises contingent valuation data sets from two large-scale surveys of on-street parkers in a prime area for parking in the centre of the city. On aggregate over the two surveys, some 70% of the users surveyed indicated a behavioural change to a hypothetical localised only on-street parking price increase scenario. Results indicate that the most likely impact of the localised price increase amongst those who reacted is parking relocation, with 75 % on aggregate over the two surveys choosing this option. Such relocation was predominantly to a multistory facility. The remainder of the reactions were accounted for by modal alternatives at 15 % of users on aggregate over the two surveys, and trip cancellation at 6%. The balanc