em • asian connections Advancing Cleaner Fuels and Vehicles in Asia

Air pollution is a serious health issue, and according to the World Health Organization, particulate matter (PM) alone kills 3.1 million people annually worldwide, including 2 million from indoor air pollution.1 This is higher than the average number of people killed in traffic accidents annually. In recent years, levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) have stabilized and PM10 levels are declining. whether there will be sufficient physical space to accommodate all of these vehicles, the concern is that emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), PM, NO2, and other pollutants will rise as well. So far, no city in India has been able to decouple emissions increase with urban growth, and both CO2 and PM emissions per capita steadily rise as cities expand (see Figure 1). Transport is one of the main sources of air pollution