Security Analysis of Multilinear Maps over the Integers?

Abstract. At Crypto 2013, Coron, Lepoint, and Tibouchi (CLT) proposed a practical Graded Encod-ing Scheme (GES) over the integers, which has very similar cryptographic features to ideal multilinear maps. In fact, the scheme of Coron et al. is the second proposal of a secure GES, and has advantages over the first scheme of Garg, Gentry, and Halevi (GGH). For example, unlike the GGH construction, the subgroup decision assumption holds in the CLT construction. Immediately following the elegant in-novations of the GES, numerous GES-based cryptographic applications were proposed. Although these applications rely on the security of the underlying GES, the security of the GES has not been analyzed in detail, aside from the original papers produced by Garg et al. and Coron et al. We present an attack algorithm against the system parameters of the CLT GES. The proposed algo-rithm’s complexity Õ(2ρ/2) is exponentially smaller than Õ(2ρ) of the previous best attack of Coron et al., where ρ is a function of the security parameter. Furthermore, we identify a flaw in the generation of the zero-testing parameter of the CLT GES, which drastically reduces the running time of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate the practicality of our attack.