RESEARCH Toward brain-computer in e

thus constitute a promising assistive technology device for people with severe motor impairment, e.g. due to neurode-joystick. Control with eye-tracking devices is not feasible, as they obviously need the visual modality for observation J N E R JOURNAL OF NEUROENGINEERINGAND REHABILITATIONKaufmann et al. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2014, 11:7http://www.jneuroengrehab.com/content/11/1/7be modulated voluntarily by motor imagery (MI; [14,15]). ItDepartment of Psychology I, University of Würzburg, Marcusstr 9-11, Würzburg 97070, Germanygenerative disease (e.g., [5-10]). Among many different ap-plications, researchers suggested their use for wheelchair control (e.g., [11]), thus rendering BCIs of high value for people with severe paralysis who are not able to control a wheelchair by means of a joystick (e.g., [12]). of their environment during navigation. Facial muscles may also lose their reliability and are rapidly fatigued in fre-quent use [13]. With progression of disease, BCIs may be-come a feasible alternative for wheelchair control. Among different input signals for BCI control, electroen