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Over the last several decades, there has been an increase in the numbers of female medical students, residents, and faculty.1 Despite the demographic shift seen across many specialties, we have not seen increased representation of women in the field of radiation oncology, with women constituting 32 % of all residents in 2011, a percentage that is unchanged compared with 2001.1 There remain potential overt and covert impositions which might deter optimization of female career opportunities in medical science.2 Several data regarding gender inequalities in publication rates,3 salaries,4 funding,5,6 and career trajectories7,8 suggest that a gender-neutral, merit-based work environment remains an elusive goal. Further, recent data published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences from a study by Moss-Racusin and colleagues9 suggest that female scientists operate in environments where subtle but real biases cause female scientists to be at a systematic disadvantage compared with male counterparts. This study, which received considerable attention in the mainstream media, showed that both men and women were more likely to rate a candidate assigned a male name as more competent, more hirable, and worthy of a higher starting salary than a candidate with an identical resume assigned a female name.9 Gender disparities are even more evident on the global scale, as noted in a recent report by Larivière and colleagues.10 Investigators in several fields of academic medicine have reported on the gender differentials in their specific specialties and have sought to ascertain the rationale for relative specialty selection differences as a function of gender.11–1