The Board of UNU/WIDER

Research in Progress (RIP) is a UNU/WIDER in-house publication series, which is distributed free-of-charge in limited numbers. The studies issued in the series are complete drafts prepared as part of the Institute's research programme and are circulated among project networkers and other scholars to elicit feedback and comments. In several cases, the studies will be published at a later stage in a revised form in the Institute's official publication series or in edited volumes published by academic publishers. RIP studies should not be quoted without the author's permission