Communication to the Workshop:

Approaches to innovation development based on action-research principles and involving partnerships among multiple stakholders have become common place in the last 10 years. But many lessons have yet to be learnt about such approaches. To contribute to fill the gap, a study was launched by CIRAD in 2005 to systematize and compare a series of contrasting experiences in which research has been conducted with local actors (such as farmers and farmers ’ organizations, extension services, governments, private sector, etc.). The main objectives of this study were (i) to draw lessons in terms of research approaches, modalities, methods, tools, and results and (ii) to propose guidelines for improving the design and conduct of research projects focusing on the conception of innovations in partnership among multiple stakeholders. Cross-analysis of the case studies was pursued in three directions: (1) the balance reached between problem resolution, knowledge generation and empowerment of local actors, (2) the formalization of partnerships and (3) the modalities adopted for steering activities and for partnership governance. Preliminary results confirm the role of 3 factors in shaping the efficacy and efficiency o