1 Anaphora: lexico-textual structure, or means for utterance integration within a discourse? A critique of the Functional Grammar account1

This article is a critical examination of Dik’s (1997b: ch. 10) account of discourse anaphora, within the framework of the theory of Functional Grammar (but it highlights features of anaphora theory which hold more generally). I show first that Dik’s definitions of the phenomenon involve two contradictory conceptions of this discourse procedure (the anaphor refers to a mental representation of its referent within a mental model of the ongoing discourse, yet at the same time needs first to connect up with a segment of co-text- its linguistic antecedent); second, that Dik’s account of the relationship between given (pronominal) anaphor types and the “entity-order ” of their potential referents is both too rigid and too narrow; and third, that his description of the underlying structure of anaphors, which includes both the referential index of their actual referent/antecedent and a variable specifying the latter’s entity-order, does not allow for the necessary flexibility and dynamic character of anaphor use and interpretation. A discursively more realistic account of discourse anaphora needs to specify the necessary interaction between ‘bottom-up ’ factors of these kinds, on the one hand, and ‘top-down ’ relationships involving the wider discourse context, on the other. This is what I briefly outline at the end of the article