On the Usefulness of Similarity based Projection Spaces for Transfer Learning?

Abstract. Similarity functions are widely used in many machine learn-ing or pattern recognition tasks. We consider here a recent framework for binary classification, proposed by Balcan et al., allowing to learn in a potentially non geometrical space based on good similarity func-tions. This framework is a generalization of the notion of kernels used in support vector machines in the sense that allows one to use similarity functions that do not need to be positive semi-definite nor symmetric. The similarities are then used to define an explicit projection space where a linear classifier with good generalization properties can be learned. In this paper, we propose to study experimentally the usefulness of similar-ity based projection spaces for transfer learning issues. More precisely, we consider the problem of domain adaptation where the distributions generating learning data and test data are somewhat different. We stand in the case where no information on the test labels is available. We show that a simple renormalization of a good similarity function taking into account the test data allows us to learn classifiers more performing on the target distribution for difficult adaptation problems. Moreover, this normalization always helps to improve the model when we try to regu-larize the similarity based projection space in order to move closer the two distributions. We provide experiments on a toy problem and on a real image annotation task