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International Journal of CardiologyThere has been an explosion of popular and scientific interest in the potential health benefits of various types of meditative protocols. However, the comparative physiologic effects of different forms of meditation remain incompletely explored. Available data suggest important cardiopulmonary interactions during different types of meditation [1–12]. In a previous study, we observed very prominent low frequency (f 0.1 Hz) oscillations in heart rate during specific forms of Chinese Chi and Kundalini yoga meditation in two mia, appeared to correlate with slow breathing. Similar dynamics were apparent in Zen monks performing Zazen meditation [7], and in practitioners of rosary prayer and yoga mantras [8] in other studies. The detection of large excursions in heart rate appears to contradict the conven-tional notion that meditation is primarily a psychologicall