Keywords: Prostate biopsy Prostate cancer

Objective: Review the literature concerning transperineal transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy (PBx), providing an update on the topic. Methods: The literature review was performed using PubMed through a free text search strategy. The authors reviewed the abstracts of the retrieved records to select the relevant papers. Results: The search retrieved 196 records; 68 were relevant to the issue. No high-level evidence recommends a particular kind of preparation/ prophylaxis for transperineal PBx. It can be performed with a bra-chytherapy template under general or spinal anesthesia, or with a local periprostatic nerve block through a single-access fan technique. In the former case, up to 50 cores are obtained; in the latter, 12–26 cores. Prostate cancer detection rates range from 24 % to 51%, with figures of 27–49 % in patients undergoing their first PBx for a prostate-specifi