in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of

2 This research examines the relationship between community participation in public space decisions and the wellbeing of marginalised communities. A cross-disciplinary literature review and four New Zealand case studies investigate if community participation in public space design enhances the wellbeing of marginalised communities, and if so, how this is best done. The findings from the literature review, case study interviews and surveys show strong evidence that participation in place-making does enhance the wellbeing of marginalised communities in New Zealand. Furthermore, four aspects of community wellbeing stand out as being most significantly enhanced by participatory processes. These are an increased empowerment, enhanced vision-making and advocacy capabilities, an increased collective action and an enhanced sense of pride, belonging and connectedness to community. The findings also identify a comprehensive range of processes that are critical to effective participatory projects. The range includes community-led support initiatives, community involvement in social analysis, celebration events, engagement processes for visioning and decision-making, work-group collaboration, involvement in implementing, partnerships with stakeholders and post-project involvements. Two actions that are critical to gaining authentic engagement in these processes is participant involvement in the initial preparation processes and the appointment of a community advocate to plan and facilitate the participatory process. This research is distinguished by identifying effective participatory processes that are typically under-utilised or not considered in conventional public consultation work. Furthermore, it provides strong evidence that these participatory processes enhance the wellbeing of marginalised communities