Contents

Electrophoresis is the main metod for separating large polyelectrolyte molecules, primarily used on DNA, in biochemistry and medicine research. An overwiev of the models of physical mechanisms that are behind this phenomena will be presented. The prominent role is taken by reptation mechanisms, by which large exible polyelectrolytes thread their way through the pores of the gel matrix. There are also other approaches that have their own advantages and disadvantages. Next to gel media, we also know di¤erent kind of electrophoresis technics, such as capilary electrophoresis or "electrophoresis on chips"