Determination of ethambutol MICs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium isolates by resazurin microtitre assay

Objectives: To test susceptibilities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates to ethambutol by the Löwenstein–Jensen (LJ) proportion method and resazurin microtitre assay (REMA) and to evaluate REMA for the determination of ethambutol MICs for MTB and Mycobacterium avium isolates. Methods: A total of 50 MTB and 20 M. avium isolates were tested to determine the MICs of ethambutol by REMA and agar dilution method. MTB isolates were also tested by the LJ proportion method. Results: REMA provided ethambutol susceptibility results for all the isolates within 8–9 days. For MTB isolates, REMA showed 96.7 % sensitivity, 100.0 % specificity and 98.0 % accuracy when LJ proportion results were taken as ‘gold standard’. For both MTB and M. avium isolates, the MICs determined by REMA were lower than those determined in agar medium, indicating that MIC values determined by REMA are closer to the actual MICs for the isolates. Conclusions: REMA can be used as a rapid and inexpensive method for mycobacterial drug suscepti-bility testing against ethambutol. In comparison with the agar method, the MICs determined by REMA can more accurately be correlated with achievable plasma concentrations of antimycobacterial agents