1A Review

Traditionally, four main causes are considered in evaluating patients with a history of recurrent spontane-ous abortion: infection, chromosome abnormalities, low progesterone levels, and anatomic abnormalities. How-ever, the majority of such losses are mediated by immune dysfunction, including inadequate maternal antipaternal leukocyte antibodies and the presence of antiphosphlipid antibodies and antinuclear antibodies. Immunologic problems are easily identified and treated using modali-ties such as paternal leukocyte immunization, pro-phylactic heparin, baby aspirin, and low-dose pred-nisone. With appropriate and timely treatment, the suc-cess rate is approximately 80%