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The Los Angeles Healthy Kids program is a county-based health insurance program providing coverage for children in families with household income below 300 percent of the federal poverty level who are ineligible for Healthy Families and Medi-Cal. Children enrolled for a medical reason may have more urgent and specialized medical needs. This special study seeks to compare the experience of children that enrolled in Healthy Kids for a medical reason with the general Healthy Kids population, those who enrolled without indicating a current health care need. The client survey was conducted in two waves (baseline and follow-up) among 474 children ages 12–72 months with a response rate of 86 percent. Children were included in the “enrolled for a medical reason” category if they enrolled because the child was sick or needed medical care, needed a prescription medicine that the family could not afford or if their parent gave a medical reason in response to the following question: “Was there any other important reason that the child was enrolled in Healthy Kids? ” A two sided t-test was used to compare responses at baseline and follow-up for children who did and who did not enroll for a medical reason. Children enrolling for a medical reason reported a range of common conditions includin