Summary

• The transition period is a high risk period for various health problems. However, most cows proceed through the transition period with few health problems. • Cows that do have health problems are at greater risk for other problems. • Cows can use energy reserves in early lactation to support milk production. • Cows return to energy balance by 6 to 7 weeks in lactation. • Dry matter intake, not milk yield, is the driving force behind energy balance in early lactation. • Milk production is not related to body condition score or use of body reserves