on International Trade in Endangered Species

ogging in Madagascar, one of the world’s most threatened biodiversity hot spots ( 1, 2), has rapidly increased amid political turmoil since a transitional government assumed power in March 2009 ( 1, 3). With as much as 90 % of the country’s primary forest already lost, continued logging will mean species extinctions across all biotic elements of Madagascar’s ecosystems, where rates of endemism are unparalleled ( 2, 4, 5). We demonstrate immediate risk for rose-wood (genus Dalbergia) species extinctions and thus the need for protection via interna-tional trade regulation under the Conventio