Microscope-integrated, Intra- operative, Near-infrared ICG Videoangiography in the Case of Cerebral Arteriovenous

ICG videoangiography is a safe and simple method with which to assess the microcirculation of the brain. In this report, we show two representa-tive cases which demonstrate the effi cacy of ICG videoangiography in the fi eld of cerebrovascular surgery. Fluorescence angiography was fi rst used by oph-thalmologists to measure retinal blood fl ow by us-ing the fl uorescent dye fl uorescein.10 Feindel et al. were the fi rst to apply the concept of fl uorescence angiography to the intraoperative visualization of cerebral vertebral arteries and cerebral microcircula-tion in patients undergoing neurosurgical proce-dures.1, 2, 4 With the use of indocyanine green (ICG) as a novel fl uorescent dye, and its integration into a compact system that takes advantage of modern video technology, fl uorescence angiography has re