General Methods

All reactions were performed in oven-dried glassware under a positive pressure of nitrogen. Solvents were transferred via syringe and were introduced into the reaction vessels though a rubber septum. All of the reactions were monitored by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) carried out on 0.25 mm Merck silica-gel (60-F254). The TLC plates were visualized with UV light and 7 % phosphomolybdic acid or p-anisaldehyde in ethanol / heat. Column chromatography was carried out on a column packed with silica-gel 60N spherical neutral size 63-210 μm. The 1H-NMR (600 MHz), 1H-NMR (200 MHz), 19F-NMR (188 MHz) and 13C-NMR (150.9 MHz) spectra for solution in CDCl3 were recorded on a Buruker Avance 600, a Varian Gemini-400 and a Varian Mercury 200. Chemical shifts (δ) are expressed in ppm downfield from internal TMS or CHCl3 or CH3OH. HPLC analyses were performed on a JASCO PU-2080 Plus using 4.6 x 250 mm CHIRALPAK AD-H or CHIRALCEL OD-H or CHIRALCEL OB-H column. Mass spectra were recorded on a SHIMADZU LCMS-2010EV. Optical rotations were measured on a HORIBA SEPA-300. Infrared spectra were recorded on a JASCO FT / IR-200 spectrometer