OPTIMAL TECHNOLOGY SELECTION AND OPERATION OF MICROGRIDS IN COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS

The deployment of small (< 1-2 MW) clusters of generators, heat and electrical storage, efficiency investments, and combined heat and power (CHP) applications (particularly involving heat-activated cooling) in commercial buildings promises significant benefits but poses many technical and financial challenges, both in system choice and its operation; if successful, such systems may be precursors to widespread microgrid deployment, which will provide a more efficient pathway to expanding capacity and enable more customized power quality and reliability (PQR). The presented optimization approach to choosing such systems and their operating schedules uses Berkeley Lab’s Distributed Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM), extended to incorporate electrical storage options. DER-CAM chooses annual energy bill minimizing systems in a fully technology-neutral manner. An illustrative example for a San Francisco hotel is reported. The chosen system includes a large reciprocating engine and an absorption chiller, providing 11 % cost savings and 7 % carbon emission reductions under idealized circumstances. (2) Methods DER-CAM is a mixed-integer linear program implemented in GAMS that solves the commercial building DER investment optimization problem given a building’s end-use energy loads, energ