Time-frequency impedance spectroscopy: excitation considerations

Abstract- Alternatives to the conventional sine wave excitation in the impedance measurement technologies are studied in this paper. Measurements can be performed much faster when broadband excitation signal is applied. Using of sinc and Gaussian functions, also modifications of sinc pulses are considered. Beside the traditional sine wave and rectangular pulse excitations the carefully designed pulse wave excitation can become to a serious alternative, especially when the wide frequency range measurements, exact timing, and low energy consumption are required (laboratories on the chip, implantable and wearable devices). I. Introduction to the problem Measurement and analysis of the electrical bioimpedance [1] is a well established technology in wearable and implantable medical devices, e.g. in cardiac pacemakers [2]. Last time the bioimpedance method has been implemented also in nanoliter size biotechnology, e.g. in the lab-on-the-chip typ