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United States, Australia and Canada.1−18 Inuit are the smallest Aboriginal group in Canada, with a population of about 45 000.19 Some regional and community studies have shown that Inuit experience the highest rates of infant mortality in Canada.16−18 However, data are lacking at the national level on birth outcomes among Inuit owing to the absence of Aboriginal identifiers on birth registration forms in most provinces. In Canada, over 80 % of all Inuit reside in one of four vast, sparsely populated regions: the Inuvialuit region of the North-west Territories, Nunavut, Nunavik (northern Quebec) and Nunatsiavut (northern coast of Labrador) (Figure 1). Taken together, 80 % of the population in those four regions is Inuit,20 and 90 % of the births are to Inuit women according to 2006 census data. This creates an opportunity to examin