The Beam Experiments Aboard Rockets ’ project at Los

Rare earth (RE) permanent-magnet quadrupoles (PM&s) have been used for many applications in particle accelerators. They have the advantage over electromagnets of being lightweight and reliable. One difficulty associated with PMQs is that the quadrupole gradient is not easily adjusted. Over a certain range, the magnetization of RE magnets is a reversible function of temperature. We have developed a scheme to use this property to make variable gradient PMQs. The field gradient changes required for tuning are typically on the order of a few percent. For many RE magnets, this requires temperature changes of a few tens of degrees centigrade and is accomplished by actively heating or cooling the quadrupoles