I:

The disclosure of study findings to participants inresearch reflects the moral obligation of re-searchers, founded in the ethical principle of re-spect for human dignity, to avoid treating human partici-pants as a means to an end. Human dignity is respected through proper procedures of obtaining informed consent, and an offer to provide research results to participants ex-tends this respect. Unfortunately, researchers adhere in-consistently to this responsibility,1,2 and little guidance is provided in regulatory policies3,4 even though a desire for such information has been expressed by research partici-pants.5 Recently there has been a compelling call to offer research results to participants in clinical trials;6 we have ex-tended this argument to include all participants in human research.7 Funding agencies should support the allocation and use of research monies in an ethical manner and, thus, shoul