Principles of Evolution of Natural and Computer Languages and of Physiological Systems

The laws of evolution seem to be relevant not only to biological domains, but also to for informational systems. In the present paper we discuss features of evolutionary tendencies as seen in biology, and in human and computer languages. The search for the common features of evolution in such different spheres is intriguing since changes within these evolving systems occur at different rates and over vastly different time scales. Animals needed millions of years to develop homeostatic systems providing physico-chemical stability within the body; human languages have been developing for thousands of years, while computer languages have only existed for a few decades. In this paper we compare the three systems. We are well aware of sets of restrictions presented by each of the domains: the linguistic changes under discussion did not occur in all languages, in many cases changes are still going on, there are “old ” and “new ” languages,etc. We argue that the patterns of evolution of functions are hierarchically organized and can be described according to 4 main levels: I- primary level- “a cell”-in biology, “a phoneme”-in natural language, “an identifier”-in BASIC; II- functional units- “a nephron”, “a morpheme”, “an operator”; III- “organs ”- “a kidney ”,(lung, heart,etc.), “a word”, “