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si ie 8 We explore the nature of the oscillatory dynamics in the EEG of subjects reading sentences that contain a semantic violation. More speciWcally, we examine whether increases in theta (t3–7 Hz) and gamma (around 40 Hz) band power occur in response to sen-tences that were either semantically correct or contained a semantically incongruent word (semantic violation). ERP results indicated a classical N400 eVect. A wavelet-based time-frequency analysis revealed a theta band power increase during an interval of 300– 800 ms after critical word onset, at temporal electrodes bilaterally for both sentence conditions, and over midfrontal areas for the semantic violations only. In the gamma frequency band, a predominantly frontal power increase was observed during the processing of correct sentences. This eVect was absent following semantic violations. These results provide a characterization of the oscillatory brain dynamics, and notably of both theta and gamma oscillations, that occur during language comprehension