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This Application Note describes the HPLC separation methods that were developed for five traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) – Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii (zhe bei mu), Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (zhi mu), Sanjin Tablets, Fructus Kochiae (difuzi), and Fructus Liquidambaris (lulutong). The HPLC methods were optimized to give better separation for the maximum number of components. Sample preparation methods are also described, to help readers who wish to follow the entire application. for the maximum number of peaks is also helpful for use of fingerprint chro-matograms for analysis of other unknown components. An Agilent 1200 Series Rapid Resolution LC (RRLC) system was used for the separation. With this system, one can easily choose to use sub-two-micron RRLC columns or conventional HPLC columns for different analysis requirements for TCM samples. If a narrow internal diameter (id) column is used, one needs an RRLC nebulizer (Agilent part number G4218-20004) for narrow peak width. The examples shown in this Application Note take separations and sample throughput into account to balance both. One can easily use another column with the same packing material but different column inner diameter and length to speed up the separation or increase the peak capacity to meet different requirements